NIGERIA, Rafiki, February 2019. Early morning the Fulanis young boys lead the cattle to various areas around their community for grazing during the day. The fulanis have come back very recently tooth's part of the Rukuba land after being attacked by the neighbouring Irigwe people. Plateau State is one of the worst affected Nigerian Sate by farmer-herdsmen conflict, which, according to International Crisis Group has seen 2500 people killed in 2016 only. Since the Fourth Nigerian Republic’s founding in 1999, farmer-herder violence has killed thousands of people and displaced tens of thousands more. It followed a trend in the increase of farmer-herder conflicts throughout much of the western Sahel, due to an expansion of agriculturist population and cultivated land at the expense of pasturelands; deteriorating environmental conditions, desertification and soil degradation; breakdown in traditional conflict resolution mechanisms of land and water disputes; and proliferation of small arms and crime in rural areas.Insecurity and violence have led many populations to create self-defence forces and ethnic and tribal militias, which have engaged in further violence. The majority of farmer-herder clashes have occurred between Muslim Fulani herdsmen and Christian peasants, exacerbating ethnoreligious hostilities